With the global shift toward net-zero emissions and renewable energy, this study converts biomass wastes into high-performance porous carbon through high-temperature pyrolysis and CO₂ physical activation. The process avoids corrosive chemicals, reduces wastewater, and enables pore structure control for supercapacitors and sodium-ion batteries, offering a sustainable pathway for green energy storage materials.

This technology integrates CCU, biomass waste upcycling, and porous carbon fabrication into a sustainable low-carbon platform. CO₂-derived NaHCO₃ serves as an eco-friendly physical activation agent to produce hierarchical porous carbons with high surface area and excellent conductivity for high-performance supercapacitors, enabling carbon reduction, waste valorization, and advanced energy storage.

This technology establishes an innovative C2V model integrating carbon capture, resource circularity, and energy storage. Using low-pollution in situ physical activation, CO₂ and biomass wastes are converted into high-value porous carbons for supercapacitors and sodium-ion batteries. With zero chemical wastewater, strong carbon-reduction benefits, and compatibility with existing equipment, it shows strong global green energy potential.