1. The β-Ga₂O₃(Sn) nanorod thin film fabricated in this study exhibits a rapid response time of 2 seconds, an efficient recovery time of 4 seconds, and a detection limit of 30 ppb for nitric oxide (NO) gas.
 
 2. The doping ratio of tin (Sn) causes the nanostructure of β-Ga₂O₃ to gradually transform from a rod-like to a spindle-like morphology.
 
 3. Post-annealing under an oxygen atmosphere improves the gas sensing mechanism.

1. This technology employs a low-cost chemical-bath deposition (CBD) process to innovatively fabricate Sn-doped gallium-oxide thin films.
 
 2. The resulting sensor achieves a detection limit down to 30 ppb and delivers an sharp 2 s response time with a 4 s recovery time, currently represents the best performance reported in international academic journals..
 
 3. The device detects nitric oxide within just a few seconds, preventing its rapid oxidation to nitrogen dioxide.

1. In modern medical diagnostics, exhaled breath analysis plays a vital role. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels typically range from 25 to 80 ppb, with levels exceeding 50 ppb considered elevated in asthma patients. This technique can be applied in asthma monitoring and smart healthcare devices.
 
 2. It is also applicable to environmental sensing modules for use in automotive exhaust control, emission detection and the monitoring of explosive gases in various industrial fields.