The study of chloroplasts is over than 170 years. Generally there are 50-250 small disc-like chloroplasts per cell. However, here we firstly unravel the unique chloroplast diversity in Selaginella, including single giant chloroplastsbizonoplasts (a new type chloroplast) with their ecophysiological implications. It provides insights of new lessons of chloroplast biologypotentials of biote

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